Hosts Jac and Nat are fresh out of college and studying for the Foreign Service Officer Test. Unfortunately, they have quickly realized how little they know about world history. Join them each week as they sit down and have a conversation about influential moments in history and ask, “How did we not know that?”.
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO): they cover your care by integrating with the providers (KaiserPermanente) but you still pay them a premium. A set list of doctors that you can see. If you don’t see these doctors, you pay out of pocket.
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO). You will still get a list but the flexibility is greater. The list isn’t mandatory and the insurance should still cover a portion of it.
“A nation as prosperous and successful as ours must guarantee the health of all its men and women. Safeguarding healthcare for every American is not a sentimental wish, it’s a matter of justice” Woodrow Wilson (1912 election for president)
The American Medical Association wanted government separate from healthcare back then and still what we have now.
All other rich countries provide healthcare for all their people and spend half of what we do in the U.S.
The unanswered question: Why has the richest country in the world never made the commitment to provide healthcare for everyone?
Utilization of healthcare systems. Regional board or national board to decide what the prices are and what procedures are covered. It’s a rationing program. Over utilization in Britain sets age limits. They won’t pay for dialysis beyond 88-90, but you know the money is going back into the system. In the U.S., the money goes to investors.
American’s spend more on hospitals, whereas other countries spend less on these types of facilities. They shaft doctors and hospitals in Japan.
T.R. Reid’s Models and Explanations:
U.S. strengths: best medical education in the world, most innovative scientific research, and best equipped hospitals.
Who pays for it and who provides it?
Beveridge Model: (UK, Spain, New Zealand) (William Beveridge…British man)
Universal healthcare coverage; financed by the government through tax payments and the government owns everything.
Winston Churchill employed Lord Beveridge to investigate social services. They decided it’s the government’s responsibility to cover everyone.
Bismarck Model: (Germany, France, Japan, and many other European countries)
Otto Van Bismarck (1871/2 unified Prussia as Germany). He created the welfare state and started to send everyone money from the government. Social security, workman’s compensation, 1881 universal healthcare system through insurance companies.
Insurance system financed by employers and employees through payroll deductions. Everything is split with the employer. In contrast to the U.S. these insurance companies are non-profit and must enroll all citizens, and the government will step in when someone is unemployed.
All the hospitals and practices are private practice. Not run by the government. People like their health insurance companies. Insurance companies have to pay doctors within a certain amount of days as well as patients. They have really strict regulation of insurance companies. They also can’t deny claims.
Unemployed or self-employed individuals do not lose health insurance! Government pays the half of your premium or the whole premium.
National Health Insurance Model: (Canada, South Korea, Taiwan)
Combines a bit of both the Beveridge and Bismarck model systems where services are provided via private healthcare providers but payments are processed through a government-run insurance program funded via taxes or a premium paid through employers. Limit costs by limiting treatments that are paid for and/or making patients wait for elective surgeries.
Everyone pays a tax or premium and everyone can go to the doctor for free. They have limited the number of surgeons, scans, etc to save money. For acute care, everyone is treated, but if the medical problem can wait, you must wait. *Especially in Canada
Out-Of-Pocket Model: (Developing countries, only about 50 countries have programs and the rest have this one)
Only those who have money for healthcare can afford to access and pay for it.
Why is America’s healthcare costs so expensive?
We employ all of these types of models in various ways for different classes of people leading to a disjointed and costly system. On top of this, depending on where you fall in American society and healthcare providers, you receive different treatment and care. This disorganization of our national healthcare system leads to higher spending per capita and worse health outcomes compared to other developed countries. For example, we don’t go to the doctor as much as other countries for preventative healthcare treatments and with each visit, we pay more.
To expand a bit about how the U.S. healthcare system employees all of these models, we can take a look a some of the types of people treated in each sector.
Native Americans, Veterans, Active Duty Military Personnel: The Beveridge Model of healthcare like the NHS in Britain. You never receive a bill for the treatment, you’re treated by government hospitals and employees. Government buys the pills.
Working person splitting your insurance premium with employer: The Bismarck Model of healthcare similar to countries like France and Germany. About 150-160 million Americans receive care through this route.
Over 65 and you get insurance through a government run program called Medicare: you are a person experiencing the National Health Insurance Model similar to Canada. More than 40 million American’s are on this model in our system.
If you’re part of the 30 million uninsured Americans, then you’re like a person living in a developing country in rural Africa, South America, etc.
So what’s the main difference between us and other countries around the globe? All other countries have decided to pursue one fundamental model. Not a mix of all of these systems and rules and models.
aOne size fits all medicine. Why would anyone want to do that?
A. Simpler and cheaper to manage (set of rules, prices, etc)
B. Cost and transparency (U.S. idk vs. France who has a charge, what insurance will pay you back, etc)
C. American health insurance companies have the highest administrative costs in the world (18-25% cost to every bill they pay). Canada has a 5% admin cost. Britain has 5%. France has 3%.
D. Economic incentive for preventive care. U.S. insurance companies pay monthly dividends to investors instead of economic incentives to people buying health insurance.
Preventive health breakthroughs. Cancer warning on tobacco products. Britain and Europe have made it more successful.
You must make the moral determination that everyone has access to healthcare and medicine. If you don’t make this decision, those with money can afford to see doctors while the others cannot.
When people think about socialized healthcare system, I think the United Kingdom comes to mind for me. (BEVERIDGE)
The government runs the entire thing and is essentially the closest model to when someone in the U.S. screams about socialized medicine. Not only is this model overall cheaper, but it provides better health outcomes for people compared to the U.S.
Let’s talk about some statistics: (The Organization for Economic Co-operation, OECD)
Healthcare spending per person (2018): $4070 vs $10,586
Healthcare spending by percent of GDP (2018): UK 9.8% vs U.S. 16.9%
Life expectancy at birth (2017): UK 81.3 vs U.S. 78.6
Infant mortality per 1000 births (2017): UK 3.9 vs U.S. 5.8
It’s a service you use and never get a bill. Everyone pays into it through taxes so when you need to use it, you can. The more money you earn, the more taxes you pay and the better you contribute to the system. Some services are paid out of pocket like dental, eyes, and some prescription drugs, but these costs are low compared to the US (57% less than the U.S.). Most GPs are contractors with the NHS. They establish contracts with how much they can earn for services. There is also a private healthcare sector by private health insurance companies and out of pocket spending. Very strong support for the NHS in the United Kingdom and something that all British people are proud of.
How does Germany’s universal healthcare system compare? (BISMARCK)
Health spending per person (2017): Germany $5800 vs U.S. $10200
Percent of GDP on healthcare (2017): Germany 11.2% vs U.S. 17.1%
Percent of people covered (2017): Germany 100% vs U.S. 91.2% (about 28 million uninsured)
Avoidable deaths per 100,000 people (2013): Germany 83/100k people vs US 112/100k
Life expectancy at birth (2017): Germany 81.1 vs U.S. 78.6
Infant mortality per 1000 births (2017): Germany 3.2 vs U.S. 6.0
Everyone buys health insurance from a private health insurance company and then the hospitals and labs are almost all private. It works better because everyone is covered and required to be in the system. Everyone has to be covered and cannot be denied coverage and has access to the same treatment from any doctor or hospital.
There are two sectors labeled Statutory Heath Insurance (SHI) and Private Health Insurance (PHI). Germans are only eligible for PHI if they make over 60k per year or are self-employed. Everyone else pays into SHI companies which are all not-for-profit companies where dependents are covered for free and maximum monthly costs are capped at 840 euros per month. SHI companies are heavily regulated by the government in what they can charge, what procedures they can fund, and other heavy rules. Employers share most of the cost for paying into these programs similar to the U.S. However, the government will also pay into SHI for people who are unemployed. They compete for people using small perks. Something like offering bonuses for going to the gym, getting annual check-ups. They’re small vouchers but they ensure people are proactive about their health.
Some potential issues include concerns about wait times for specialists. But citizens like that they can predict costs and that everyone is covered. Insurance companies have to pay for every claim and can’t deny it. They also love that they can go to any doctor. They have decided to commit to covering everyone.
What about France? (BISMARCK)
France was recognized as the best healthcare system across the globe by the World Health Organization in 2000 and provides universal coverage at a lower cost with comparable and even better health outcome than the U.S.
Let’s talk about some statistics:
Infant mortality per 1000 births (2017): France 3.5 vs U.S. 6.0
Life expectancy at birth (2017): France 82.5 vs U.S. 78.6
French systems gives every citizen health coverage from birth which leads to preventative care. They call it social security. Just government financed but not government run. Doctors are not restricted or hospitals, labs, or clinics. America is the only place where insurance companies dictate where you can go. The system covers about 70-80% of medical costs with the remaining out of pocket. Also has voluntary supplementary insurance provided by private insurance companies. Also legally requires price transparency and no waiting lists for specialist treatment or referrals.
Healthcare spending per person (2017): $4900 vs $10,200. They keep these costs low by minimizing administrative costs. (must be less than 5%) Carte vitale. An electronic health card with medical records to save time and money. The French parliament sets a social security expenditures to stay within a budget.
French employers and citizens pay more in income taxes but Americans end up paying more with copays and out of pocket drug expenses. Medical school is nearly free in France vs U.S. cost of medical school.
What about Canada? (NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE)
Can you guys guess the next country? It’s usually characterized by basic universal coverage, cheaper drug prices and reported longer lines?
Single payer healthcare system sort of like the proposed Medicare for all program in the U.S. Let’s review some statistics compared to the U.S.
Healthcare spending by percent of GDP (2017): Canada 10.4% vs U.S. 17.2%
Healthcare spending per person (2017): $4500 vs $10,200
Out of pocket spending per person (2017): $650 vs $1100
Canada has basic universal healthcare coverage with comparable or better health outcomes compared to the U.S.
Avoidable deaths per 100,000 people (2013): Canada 78/100k people vs US 112/100k
Life expectancy at birth (2017): Canada 82.47 vs U.S. 78.6
Infant mortality per 1000 births (2017): Canada 4.8 vs U.S. 6.0
Publicly funded model with private providers. Established to ensure health equity among citizens regardless of people’s ability to pay and keeps administrative costs low. The health ministry determined what is covered, what pills will be paid for, which procedures will be allowed. In the U.S., these are decisions made by individual insurance companies in the U.S. Canada values equity so everyone receives the same care. Medicare in Canada does not cover everything though. Things like dental, mental health, etc. can be covered by supplemental private insurance through employers. However, they can’t use private insurance to cover things that are covered under the government plan.
What are some problems?
Longer wait times for Canadians within 48 hours, to see specialists, and elective surgeries. Flooded emergency rooms because private care practices do not have out of regular hours. Not all things are covered including most prescription drugs that need to be paid for out-of-pocket. Some social drug programs or province specific help for certain age groups. Per capita out of pocket spending on prescription drugs was about $670 vs the U.S. $1000.
The model needs some reform, but Canadians are still very proud of their healthcare system. They know it’s still better than the U.S. system. Lower costs, higher health outcomes.
One system is the solution:
ASIDE:
We don’t have a set price list of how much the bill will be. We need a master price list. The thing about a single payer healthcare system in the U.S. is that lobbying groups and healthcare companies can set those prices making a single payer system just as expensive as what it is right now. One system allows you to create a transparent cost and charge schedule.
One potential solution is to expand Medicare for all covering all adults 65+ and 18- and allowing adults to buy in to it. It would maintain coverage at many participating hospitals and allow for easier access to healthcare options. Might not reduce costs immediately.
Transcript
0:00:00.080,0:00:05.040 hello everybody and welcome back to
0:00:02.639,0:00:05.759 another episode of how did we not know
0:00:05.040,0:00:09.679 that
0:00:05.759,0:00:12.799 i’m nat i’m jack and i’m esteban
0:00:09.679,0:00:14.880 yay hi everyone today we have a very
0:00:12.799,0:00:18.000 special guest it’s my very good friend
0:00:14.880,0:00:20.880 esteban and he will be presenting on
0:00:18.000,0:00:21.520 healthcare around the world right that’s
0:00:20.880,0:00:22.880 right yeah
0:00:21.520,0:00:24.960 talking a little bit about different
0:00:22.880,0:00:25.840 healthcare systems across the globe and
0:00:24.960,0:00:28.400 especially something that’s like
0:00:25.840,0:00:31.679 relevant to the united states as well so
0:00:28.400,0:00:33.120 okay yeah so i guess um we can start at
0:00:31.679,0:00:33.440 the very beginning for people who don’t
0:00:33.120,0:00:35.680 know
0:00:33.440,0:00:36.640 sort of what a healthcare system is um
0:00:35.680,0:00:38.559 so
0:00:36.640,0:00:40.079 uh just doing some basic research and
0:00:38.559,0:00:41.760 sort of my own background knowledge
0:00:40.079,0:00:43.840 uh so healthcare system really is
0:00:41.760,0:00:45.120 composed of really three things and so
0:00:43.840,0:00:46.399 first you have providers
0:00:45.120,0:00:48.640 or medical providers who are actually
0:00:46.399,0:00:50.079 providing your care the second is really
0:00:48.640,0:00:51.760 the population of the people who are
0:00:50.079,0:00:54.239 taking advantage of that care
0:00:51.760,0:00:55.039 and then three is really insurers or
0:00:54.239,0:00:57.520 who’s paying
0:00:55.039,0:00:59.440 for uh your health care um so those
0:00:57.520,0:01:02.399 those three things really make up
0:00:59.440,0:01:02.960 a comprehensive health care system and
0:01:02.399,0:01:04.479 um
0:01:02.960,0:01:06.479 i guess something off the bat that
0:01:04.479,0:01:08.320 people might be familiar with seeing on
0:01:06.479,0:01:10.720 health insurance cards um are the
0:01:08.320,0:01:13.280 abbreviations hmo and ppo
0:01:10.720,0:01:14.640 um so in the united states we have um
0:01:13.280,0:01:15.600 those two abbreviations for insurer
0:01:14.640,0:01:17.680 providers
0:01:15.600,0:01:19.280 uh but i can just sort of go into the
0:01:17.680,0:01:22.479 the basics of what those two
0:01:19.280,0:01:24.400 uh differences mean um so
0:01:22.479,0:01:25.759 uh if you’ve ever seen hmo written on
0:01:24.400,0:01:26.799 your health insurance card it really
0:01:25.759,0:01:27.920 stands for health maintenance
0:01:26.799,0:01:30.320 organization
0:01:27.920,0:01:31.840 um and so they actually uh cover your
0:01:30.320,0:01:34.159 care by integrating with
0:01:31.840,0:01:35.280 uh private providers so an example is
0:01:34.159,0:01:37.439 like kaiser
0:01:35.280,0:01:39.040 uh an insurance company but you still
0:01:37.439,0:01:40.320 you pay them the premium
0:01:39.040,0:01:42.079 and they sort of like give you a set
0:01:40.320,0:01:43.759 list of doctors that you can see
0:01:42.079,0:01:45.680 but if you don’t see these doctors you
0:01:43.759,0:01:47.759 have to pay out of pocket for your care
0:01:45.680,0:01:49.200 um and then the other sort of big
0:01:47.759,0:01:51.119 insurance type of company
0:01:49.200,0:01:53.439 in the united states is a preferred
0:01:51.119,0:01:55.280 provider organization or ppo
0:01:53.439,0:01:56.719 um so you still get that list of doctors
0:01:55.280,0:01:58.719 that you can
0:01:56.719,0:02:00.240 try to see but your flexibility is
0:01:58.719,0:02:02.399 greater so the list isn’t
0:02:00.240,0:02:03.920 mandatory and the insurance would still
0:02:02.399,0:02:05.360 cover a portion of it if you do decide
0:02:03.920,0:02:06.479 to go to a physician that’s really not
0:02:05.360,0:02:08.560 on their list of
0:02:06.479,0:02:10.640 of doctors so those are really like to
0:02:08.560,0:02:11.760 the big differences in the insurer types
0:02:10.640,0:02:13.760 that we have in the united states and
0:02:11.760,0:02:16.000 what composes our own health care system
0:02:13.760,0:02:20.640 so it’s just a brief introduction
0:02:16.000,0:02:23.280 okay um with like the ppo versus hmo
0:02:20.640,0:02:24.720 when you get to decide which type you
0:02:23.280,0:02:27.360 have is it just based on what your
0:02:24.720,0:02:29.120 employer chose for you
0:02:27.360,0:02:30.480 great question yeah and i think it’s
0:02:29.120,0:02:32.720 really based on
0:02:30.480,0:02:34.720 um what your employer is willing to pay
0:02:32.720,0:02:36.879 or help pay the premium for
0:02:34.720,0:02:38.800 so i think it really depends on employer
0:02:36.879,0:02:39.200 but also i mean if you’re self-employed
0:02:38.800,0:02:40.640 or
0:02:39.200,0:02:42.400 even unemployed and looking for health
0:02:40.640,0:02:45.760 insurance um these are two
0:02:42.400,0:02:45.760 two different types that you might see
0:02:46.640,0:02:50.400 so what is medicaid under is that gonna
0:02:48.480,0:02:51.760 be hmo or ppo
0:02:50.400,0:02:55.280 oh my gosh that’s a good question i
0:02:51.760,0:02:57.440 don’t know probably ppo right because
0:02:55.280,0:02:58.319 yeah so actually these are i think more
0:02:57.440,0:03:01.440 relevant to
0:02:58.319,0:03:02.640 um insurance providers so like medicare
0:03:01.440,0:03:04.000 medicaid is actually
0:03:02.640,0:03:06.480 something that we can get into a little
0:03:04.000,0:03:07.200 bit in the future of talking together
0:03:06.480,0:03:08.640 because
0:03:07.200,0:03:10.239 that’s almost like a completely
0:03:08.640,0:03:11.360 different model of providing healthcare
0:03:10.239,0:03:13.680 so these are really like
0:03:11.360,0:03:14.480 insurance companies provide care right
0:03:13.680,0:03:16.959 uh
0:03:14.480,0:03:18.640 and pay for it um sort of the connection
0:03:16.959,0:03:20.480 between the people and the providers
0:03:18.640,0:03:21.920 but medicare and medicaid are sort of
0:03:20.480,0:03:23.280 related directly just to the government
0:03:21.920,0:03:23.760 so the government is the one actually
0:03:23.280,0:03:26.959 paying
0:03:23.760,0:03:28.640 not the insurance company okay so then
0:03:26.959,0:03:31.920 is this unique to the united
0:03:28.640,0:03:32.799 states health care system yeah great
0:03:31.920,0:03:36.000 question so
0:03:32.799,0:03:38.159 uh we can talk about some
0:03:36.000,0:03:39.360 models that i’ve read a lot about in the
0:03:38.159,0:03:40.720 new book uh
0:03:39.360,0:03:43.040 that i recently read called the healing
0:03:40.720,0:03:45.680 of america by t.r reed so
0:03:43.040,0:03:47.040 he gives a great sort of overview of
0:03:45.680,0:03:48.000 different healthcare systems across the
0:03:47.040,0:03:49.680 globe
0:03:48.000,0:03:50.720 but no this isn’t really i guess unique
0:03:49.680,0:03:52.080 to the united states like there are
0:03:50.720,0:03:53.200 definitely insurance companies in other
0:03:52.080,0:03:54.720 countries
0:03:53.200,0:03:56.319 and we can talk about how they’ve sort
0:03:54.720,0:03:58.000 of integrated that into a healthcare
0:03:56.319,0:03:59.200 system and model for their own countries
0:03:58.000,0:04:00.879 and how it works
0:03:59.200,0:04:02.640 oh yeah i mentioned uh the book the
0:04:00.879,0:04:04.799 healing of america by t.r reed
0:04:02.640,0:04:07.599 um and if if you look up tr read on
0:04:04.799,0:04:09.200 youtube i mean he’s a great sort of
0:04:07.599,0:04:11.040 speaker about health care systems across
0:04:09.200,0:04:12.720 the globe and and really
0:04:11.040,0:04:14.080 sort of helping you gain a better
0:04:12.720,0:04:15.120 perspective of what you think is the
0:04:14.080,0:04:17.759 best choice for
0:04:15.120,0:04:19.359 america going forward but he started one
0:04:17.759,0:04:20.560 of his recent videos that i watched with
0:04:19.359,0:04:22.800 a quote from
0:04:20.560,0:04:24.080 a president who won election and the
0:04:22.800,0:04:25.919 quote goes
0:04:24.080,0:04:27.520 a nation as prosperous and successful as
0:04:25.919,0:04:28.080 ours must guarantee the health of all of
0:04:27.520,0:04:30.080 its men
0:04:28.080,0:04:32.240 and women safeguarding health care for
0:04:30.080,0:04:35.520 every american is not a sentimental wish
0:04:32.240,0:04:37.280 it’s a matter of justice and you may
0:04:35.520,0:04:39.280 think that that sounds like
0:04:37.280,0:04:40.320 a presidential candidate that i mean
0:04:39.280,0:04:42.560 should should have been
0:04:40.320,0:04:43.759 in the running really recently but that
0:04:42.560,0:04:46.160 was actually said by woodward
0:04:43.759,0:04:47.600 woodrow wilson in 1912 um in his
0:04:46.160,0:04:50.080 election for president
0:04:47.600,0:04:51.759 so it’s like not common that i mean
0:04:50.080,0:04:54.000 sorry not uncommon that um
0:04:51.759,0:04:55.840 americans have sort of been vying for a
0:04:54.000,0:04:57.120 health care system that covers every
0:04:55.840,0:04:58.880 single person
0:04:57.120,0:05:00.639 um in trying to recognize that it’s sort
0:04:58.880,0:05:02.639 of a moral dilemma that everyone
0:05:00.639,0:05:05.919 deserves access to health care
0:05:02.639,0:05:07.360 um but there are a series of uh
0:05:05.919,0:05:10.000 different associations that have sort of
0:05:07.360,0:05:11.039 hindered that over time in history and
0:05:10.000,0:05:13.360 one of those
0:05:11.039,0:05:14.160 um has been really the american medical
0:05:13.360,0:05:15.759 associate
0:05:14.160,0:05:17.440 association wanted government sort of
0:05:15.759,0:05:19.600 separate from health care back then
0:05:17.440,0:05:21.039 and so it sort of snowballed into what
0:05:19.600,0:05:22.720 we have now a little bit more of that
0:05:21.039,0:05:24.639 separation
0:05:22.720,0:05:25.759 but i guess what he he talks about a lot
0:05:24.639,0:05:27.600 in his book and
0:05:25.759,0:05:30.080 some like of my own opinions on it is
0:05:27.600,0:05:30.479 that um all other rich countries in the
0:05:30.080,0:05:31.759 world
0:05:30.479,0:05:33.680 provide health care for all of their
0:05:31.759,0:05:35.919 people so everyone is covered but they
0:05:33.680,0:05:37.600 spend half of what we do in the u.s
0:05:35.919,0:05:38.960 um and so the unanswered question is
0:05:37.600,0:05:40.320 really why has
0:05:38.960,0:05:41.600 the richest country in the world never
0:05:40.320,0:05:42.639 made the commitment to provide health
0:05:41.600,0:05:44.479 care for everyone
0:05:42.639,0:05:45.919 i mean i think that’s what a lot of
0:05:44.479,0:05:47.360 voters who um
0:05:45.919,0:05:48.880 prioritize health care is one of their
0:05:47.360,0:05:49.759 their main voting issues today in the
0:05:48.880,0:05:51.280 united states
0:05:49.759,0:05:54.000 um is worried about and wants to know
0:05:51.280,0:05:56.240 more about um so
0:05:54.000,0:05:58.319 i guess i can go over an overview of
0:05:56.240,0:05:59.840 sort of tr reads models and explanations
0:05:58.319,0:06:01.520 because it’ll help explain a lot about
0:05:59.840,0:06:03.120 how other rich countries
0:06:01.520,0:06:04.720 around the globe are dealing with health
0:06:03.120,0:06:07.520 care systems
0:06:04.720,0:06:08.000 but i guess to start off is the us is
0:06:07.520,0:06:09.600 definitely
0:06:08.000,0:06:11.120 sort of on the top in terms of strengths
0:06:09.600,0:06:13.039 with uh we’re able to
0:06:11.120,0:06:14.880 provide the best medical education in
0:06:13.039,0:06:16.639 the world uh we have some of the most
0:06:14.880,0:06:18.479 innovative scientific research and
0:06:16.639,0:06:19.199 development of new therapeutics in the
0:06:18.479,0:06:20.560 world
0:06:19.199,0:06:22.880 and we have some of the best equipped
0:06:20.560,0:06:24.160 hospitals but we are spending tons of
0:06:22.880,0:06:26.639 money on health care
0:06:24.160,0:06:28.080 um and obviously there needs to be some
0:06:26.639,0:06:29.759 sort of change going forward for a
0:06:28.080,0:06:31.120 healthcare system to be able to pay for
0:06:29.759,0:06:32.080 people who are also left out of our
0:06:31.120,0:06:34.479 system
0:06:32.080,0:06:35.840 and so i guess i’ll go over four models
0:06:34.479,0:06:38.080 and if you guys have questions
0:06:35.840,0:06:39.360 i hope i i’m able to answer them uh but
0:06:38.080,0:06:42.160 i can also sort of
0:06:39.360,0:06:43.440 give a little brief history of um where
0:06:42.160,0:06:44.720 these models come from
0:06:43.440,0:06:46.800 and sort of the countries that are
0:06:44.720,0:06:50.400 utilizing these models
0:06:46.800,0:06:53.440 so really these models focus on uh
0:06:50.400,0:06:55.440 two main i guess uh categories so really
0:06:53.440,0:06:58.000 it’s who’s paying for health care
0:06:55.440,0:06:59.680 and who’s providing health care um and
0:06:58.000,0:07:00.960 so in one of the first models that
0:06:59.680,0:07:03.759 that’s spoken
0:07:00.960,0:07:05.599 it’s termed the beverage model and
0:07:03.759,0:07:08.400 william beveridge was
0:07:05.599,0:07:10.000 a british man uh and i believe that the
0:07:08.400,0:07:11.199 history here is that uh winston
0:07:10.000,0:07:13.840 churchill after world war
0:07:11.199,0:07:15.759 ii actually employed uh lord william
0:07:13.840,0:07:17.759 beveridge to investigate sort of social
0:07:15.759,0:07:20.240 services for the united kingdom
0:07:17.759,0:07:21.440 and uh based on his investigation they
0:07:20.240,0:07:23.199 decided that it was the government’s
0:07:21.440,0:07:24.560 responsibility to cover everyone in
0:07:23.199,0:07:26.400 health care so it was decided pretty
0:07:24.560,0:07:28.400 early on for the united kingdom
0:07:26.400,0:07:30.319 um and the beverage model uh to
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
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An evil sorcerer, undercover spy, and the secret lover of the Empress. A man of great mystery and intrigue, the infamous Rasputin has been called all these names and more. But do we really know the full story? In this episode, Nat uncovers the unbelievable life of Grigory Rasputin and the last Russian emperor. Help us improve the quality of our podcast by contributing to our Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/HowDidWeNotKnowThat
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
South Africa, one of the most beautiful countries in the world, has an ugly past marked by one of the severest examples of racial segregation in history. In this episode Jac explains the system known as Apartheid and its lasting effects on the country today.
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
Happy Mid-Autumn Festival. Here’s the Chinese Legend behind the Mid-Autumn Festival. For more episodes from How Did We Not Know That, check out our weekly podcast on Anchor, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to your podcasts. At How Did We Not Know That or HDWNKT
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
The Middle East is an incredibly diverse and complex region, but it’s oftentimes disregarded by Western media as too confusing or too complicated to be “solved”. In order to gain a better understanding of today’s world, Nat covers the Arab Spring, an unprecedented series of pro-democracy uprisings that swept across North Africa and the Middle East in the spring of 2011.
We miss you guys and hope to resume again soon.
We are closing all of our Social Media accounts except Youtube and we will be releasing a project there starting July 8th and ending by Oct 1st.
Thanks for Everything,
Jac & Nat
—
Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hdwnkt/support
Ireland: the home of gorgeous coastal mountains and grassy plains. Yet, despite the beauty and charm, the island of Ireland has a long history of conflict. So much so, that the island is split into two *not physically of course*. In our Season 2, World History premiere, Jac takes us through the conflict between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland .
